With its applicability in both the building and the industrial sectors, the heat pump looks set to play a major role in

With its applicability in both the building and the industrial sectors, the heat pump looks set to play a major role in meeting heating and cooling needs.（熱泵在滿足供熱和供冷需求時發揮了重要作用,其主要應用在建筑和工業領域?）Since these applications currently consume a significant proportion of the world's fossil fuel reserves, heat pump technology can make a major contribution to limiting environmental problems such as global warming.（目前這些應用消耗了全球范圍內很大一部分化石燃料,熱泵技術能夠在減輕環境問題方面做出重大的貢獻,比如全球變暖?）

A heat pump is the best choice to help the environment.（熱泵是有助于環境問題的最好選擇?）Table 1 presents a comparison of electric heat pumps with fossil fuel systems.（表1中顯示了以電力和化石燃料為驅動能源的熱泵的比較?）

Table 1 Technical comparison of electric heat pumps with fossil fuel systems （表1以電力和化石燃料為驅動能源的熱泵的比較?）

Source:IPALCO(2001).（資料來源：ipalco（2001年））

Because heat pumps consume less primary energy than conventional heating systems, they are an important technology for reducing gas emissions that harm the environment,such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).（由于地源熱泵比傳統的供熱系統消耗更少的一次能源,所以他們是一個減少對環境有害氣體排放的重要技術,如二氧化碳(CO2),二氧化硫(二氧化硫)和氮氧化物(NOx)?）However, the overall environmental impact of electric heat pumps depends very much on how the electricity is produced.（然而,以電力為驅動能源的熱泵對環境的整體影響在很大程度上取決于電力是如何產生的?）Heat pumps driven by electricity from, for instance, hydropower or renewable energy reduce emissions more significantly than if the electricity is generated by coal, oil or gas-fired power plants.（熱泵由來自于水力或可再生能源的電力驅動比由來自于煤炭?石油或天然氣的電力驅動對減少氣體排放來說更有意義?）

If it is further considered that heat pumps can meet space heating, hot water heating, and cooling needs in all types of buildings, as well as many industrial heating requirements, it is clear that heat pumps have a large and worldwide potential.（如果進一步考慮熱泵能滿足不同類型建筑物的空間供熱?熱水和供冷需求,以及許多工業供熱需求,很顯然熱泵在全球范圍內有一很大的潛力?）

Of the global CO2 emissions that amounted to 22 billion tonnes in 1997, heating in building causes 30% and industrial activities cause 35%.（1997年全球二氧化碳排放量達220億噸,建筑物供熱占30%,工業活動占35%?）The potential CO2 emissions reduction with heat pumps is calculated as follows:（采用熱泵技術對于減少潛在的二氧化碳排放量的計算如下所示:）6.6 billion tonnes CO2 come from heating buildings (30% of total emissions); 1.0 billion tonnes can be saved by residential and commercial heat pumps, assuming that they can provide 30% of the heating for buildings, with an emission reduction of 50%; and minimum of 0.2 billion tonnes can be saved by industrial heat pumps (IEA-HPC,2001).（66億噸二氧化碳來自建筑物供暖(總排放量的30%);二氧化碳排放量可因采用住宅及商業熱泵而減少10億噸,假設他們能提供30%的建筑物供熱,減少了50%的排放;工業領域采用熱泵最低可減少2億噸的二氧化碳排放(IEA-HPC,2001年)?）

The total CO2 reduction potential of 1.2 billion tonnes is about 6% of the global emissions!（1.2億噸的二氧化碳排放量約占全球排放量的6%!）This is one of the largest benefits that a single technology can offer,and this technology is already available in the marketplace.（這是一個單一技術可以提供最大貢獻,并且這種技術已經在市場上可以獲得?）And with higher efficiencies in power plants as well as for the heat pump itself,the future global emissions saving potential is evengreater,about 16%.（隨著發電效率的提高,以及熱泵本身效率的提高,未來全球二氧化碳排放量可減少約16%?）

In some regions of the world,heat pumps already play a crucial role in energy systems.（在世界上的一些地區,熱泵已經在能源系統中發揮了關鍵作用?）But if this technology is to achieve more widespread use, a decisive effort is needed to stimulate heat pump markets and to further optimize the technology.（但是如果這個技術要取得更廣泛的應用,還需要決定性的努力去激勵熱泵市場和更進一步優化技術?）It is encouraging that a number of governments and utilities are strongly supporting heat pumps.（令人鼓舞的是,許多國家政府和公共事業大力支持熱泵?）In all cases it is important to ensure that both heat pump applications and policies are based on a careful assessment of the facts,drawn from as wide an experience base as possible.（在各種應用中,重要的是要確保熱泵應用和熱泵政策是基于事實的仔細評價基礎上,評價要有盡可能廣泛的經驗基礎?）

A heat pump is the best choice to help protect the environment, because it does not bum natural gas or oil, but simply transfers warm air into or out of the house.（熱泵是有助于環保的最好選擇,因為它不燃燒天然氣或石油,而僅是將暖空氣轉移進房間或轉移出房間?）So the occupier is not adding to air pollution or consuming scarce natural resources, but actually helping the environment.（所以熱泵的使用不會加劇空氣污染或消耗不充足的自然資源,而的確是有助于環境?）Energy saving has a positive impact on global warming.（節能對全球變暖問題有著積極的影響?）That is why it is important to continually engineer more energy efficient products such as the advanced technology heat pump.（這就是為什么持續設計高能效的產品至關重要,如先進的熱泵技術?）And it is just as important for consumers to demand products that live up to tougher, more stringent energy standards.（對于消費者來說,對產品要求更強硬?更嚴格的能源標準也是至關重要的?）

For example, in Canada, space conditioning in schools accounts for 15% of CO2 emissions,or about 7M tonnes each year.（例如在加拿大,學?？照{占15%的二氧化碳排放量,或每年約700萬噸?）Implementation of earth energy heating and cooling will allow schools to help reduce climate change impacts, and to provide a role model for their students on environmental issues.（利用地熱進行供熱和供冷,將使學校有助于減少對氣候變化的影響,并為他們的學生在環境問題上提供一個榜樣?）

In summary, particularly electrical heat pumps which replace directly fired heating boilers in general offer a significant CO2 emission reduction potential, even if the electricity to drive the heat pump is generated with oil or gas.（總之,以電動熱泵取代直燃供暖鍋爐有潛力使CO2排放量顯著減少,即使驅動熱泵的電力來自于石油或天然氣?）A significant potential remains to improve the efficiency of heat pumps where that potential for heating boilers is now virtually exhausted.（對于熱泵來說,其效率提高仍具有很大的潛力，但對于直燃供暖鍋爐來說,該潛力幾乎用罄?）The economic potential of heat pumps for reducing the total CO2 emissions in some countries is estimated to be up to 4%,with a technical potential of up to 9%.（對于一些國家來說,使用熱泵技術降低二氧化碳總排放量的經濟潛能能達到4%,其技術潛力可達9%?）The report states that the greenhouse effect from the loss of working fluids other than CFCs is negligible.（該報告指出,除CFCs外的工質流失對溫室效應的影響是微不足道的?）Consequently, it is concluded that the heat pump as an energy efficient technology which benefits the environment should play an important role in an increasingly environmentally conscious world.（因此可以說,熱泵作為一種有利于環境的高能效技術,應該在環保意識不斷增強的社會中起到重要的作用?）

The use of heat pumps is certain to result in environmental improvement and conservation of energy.（熱泵的使用的確能改善環境和節約能源?）Assuming the power generating efficiency at 35%, the boiler heat efficiency at 90%, and the average COP of a heat pump at 3.5, a heat pump requires only 74% of the primary energy needed to produce the same thermal capacity as an oil-fired boiler in homes and office buildings.（假設發電效率為35%,鍋爐熱效率為90%,熱泵平均COP值為3.5,熱泵只需要74%的一次能源產生使用燃油鍋爐的居民樓和辦公大樓同樣的熱容量?）This means that the use of heat pumps for heating could result in energy conservation of 26% when replacing oil-fired boilers.（這意味著使用熱泵代替燃油鍋爐供暖可節約26%的能源?）The amount of energy conserved has been calculated for each application area for all of Japan.（在日本,已經計算出了單位應用面積節省的能量?）The result showed that, in the year 2000, energy equivalent to roughly 1.4 million m3 of crude oil could be conserved annually by replacing oil-fired boilers and kerosene stoves with heat pump air conditioners.（結果表明,在2000年,如果采用熱泵空調取代燃油鍋爐和煤油爐,每年大約節省相當于140萬m3原油的能量?）This amount corresponds to 0.3% of Japan's primary energy supply.（這些能量相當于日本一次能源供應3%?）