原文網址：https://europeancoffeetrip.com/the-history-of-french-press/Let’s have a look at the brewing device that is argu

原文網址：https://europeancoffeetrip.com/the-history-of-french-press/

Let’s have a look at the brewing device that is arguably one of the most popular and the most used across family households. Most of us have it at home, or someone we know does. It is not an unknown brewing method to us, but do we know who invented it? And why is it called French Press? (And that is not its only name). From its origins to the modern ways of french-pressing, you will find all about this immersion method here.

讓我們來看看這些咖啡制作工具，它可以說是最受歡迎和最常用的家庭制作工具。我們大多數人家里都有，或者我們認識的人家里有這樣的制作工具。對我們來說，這不算是一種陌生的咖啡制作方法，但你知道這是誰發明的嗎？它為什么叫法式壓濾壺？（這還不是它唯一的名字）。從法壓壺的起源到現代使用方法，你會在這里找到所有關于法壓壺浸泡法的知識。

Photo – Joanna Kosinska

A legend of the French Press origin，法壓壺誕生的傳說

It is called the French Press, so it must be French, right? Surprisingly, both French and Italian have argued about the origins of the coffee brewer which uses a metal or a cloth screen connected to a rod that presses down coffee grounds infusing in a pot of hot water. According to a legend dating back to 1850s, it was a Frenchmen on his daily walk, preparing a pot of coffee on an open fire, who first brewed his coffee this way, although it was rather an accident.

它被稱為法式壓濾壺，所以它一定是起源于法國的，對吧？令人驚訝的是，法國人和意大利人都對這種咖啡制作工具的起源爭論不休。這種咖啡制作工具使用金屬或布做的濾網連接到一根桿子上，把壺里的咖啡渣壓入壺底。根據一個可以追溯到19世紀50年代的傳說，是一個法國人每天散步時在篝火上做一壺咖啡。他是第一個用這種方式煮咖啡的人，盡管這是一個意外的創造。

It went a bit like this: A Frenchmen was boiling his water when he realised he had forgotten to put the coffee in. Once added, the coffee grounds rose to the surface of the boiling pot. He wanted to save the only portion of coffee he had with him and bought a piece of metal screen from a passing-by Italian merchant. Fitting the screen over the boiling pot, he used a stick to press the screen down, together with the coffee grounds. And how was the coffee? He expected it to be terrible, but the result turned out to be the best coffee both men had ever tasted. An accident led to a discovery of a new way of brewing coffee.

事情是這樣的：一個法國人在燒水的時候發現自己忘了放咖啡。一加完咖啡粉，咖啡粉就浮在了滾燙的熱水的表面。他想把身上僅有的這一部分咖啡留著，于是從一個路過的意大利商人那里買了一塊金屬網。他把一小塊紗窗安裝在滾燙的壺上，用一根棍子把這一小塊紗窗連同咖啡渣一起壓了下去。這杯咖啡怎么樣呢？他原以為咖啡的味道會很糟，但結果卻是兩個人喝過的最好的咖啡。就這樣，一次事故導致了一種煮咖啡的新方法的發現。

Photo – Farsai C.

We chose to call the brewer by its Frenchified version despite the fact the first patent of the coffee brewer as we know it today came from Italians. French Press is also called la (a) cafetière, a coffee plunger, or a coffee press in different parts of the world. Today, it is celebrated for the ease of use, the rich brews it provides, and a certain flair that the brewer has kept throughout the times of its design development.

盡管我們今天所知道的第一個法壓壺的專利來自意大利，但我們還是選擇用它的法國化版本來稱呼它。在世界各地，法式壓濾壺也被稱為 la cafetiere、coffee plunger 或 coffee Press。今天，它以其易用性、豐富的制作過程以及在設計開發過程中始終保持的獨特風格而著稱。

First patents dating back to 1928，第一個專利注冊于1928年

The first documented origins of the “most underrated method of brewing coffee”, as James Hoffmann called it in his book ‘The World Atlas of Coffee’, date back to 1852. It was Mayer and Delforge, two Frenchmen, who had their innovation—a simpler version of the later designs—patented then.

最早記載的“最被低估的煮咖啡的方法”，正如詹姆斯·霍夫曼在他的書《咖啡世界地圖集》中所說，可以追溯到1852年。兩個法國人，梅耶和德爾福吉有了他們的發明——一種后來設計的簡單版本——專利。

Cafetiere by Mayer and Delforge, 1852
梅耶和德爾福吉在1852年設計的法壓壺

Nevertheless, it was not until 1928 in Italy that the first patents were registered by Attilio Calimani and Giulio Moneta. Their invention, similar to the very first designs by Mayer and Delforge, was characterized as a “vessel adapted to contain a liquid, as f.i. water whereinto substance to be infused, as for instance coffee in powdered form is poured with a slidable filtering member having a fit sufficiently tight within said vessel in such a manner that, causing by suitable means the said member to slide towards the bottom of the vessel the infusion will be rapidly filtered to get it ready for use.”

然而，直到1928年，意大利的阿提利奧·卡利馬尼和朱利奧·蒙內塔才注冊了第一個法壓壺的專利。他們的發明類似于梅耶和德爾福吉的第一個設計，它的特點是“一個裝水的容器，帶有一個可滑動的過濾網，濾網的邊緣與壺壁緊密相接，這樣就可以方便地把咖啡渣快速壓入壺底，把萃取好的咖啡液與咖啡渣隔離開，這樣就可以把做好的咖啡倒出來喝了。

A brief look into the patents registered in the United States will tell us that many enhancements to the original brewing device had a patent applied for. All were of a similar principle, making some additional changes to the basic design of the French Press. But the next significant redesign was achieved by Faliero Bondanini.

只要看一下在美國注冊的專利就會知道，原來的法壓壺的許多改進都申請了專利。所有這些都有一個相似的原則，對法壓壺的基本設計基礎上做一些額外的改變。但是，下一個重大的新設計是由意大利人Faliero Bondanini完成的。

Attilio Calimani and Giulio Moneta's invention design

The Italian designer had his version patented in 1958. Classified under “Apparatus in which ground coffee or tea-leaves are immersed in the hot liquid in the beverage container having immersible, e.g. rotatable, filters”, the brewer that first gained popularity on the European market was produced and distributed by a French company Martin S.A. under the name Chambord.

這位意大利設計師在1958年為他的設計申請了專利。這項專利的分類是“在熱水中浸泡咖啡粉或茶葉的容器，容器上附帶有一個浸泡在熱水里，可旋轉的過濾器”，最早在歐洲市場上流行的法壓壺是法國公司Martin S.A.以Chambord的名義生產和銷售的。

A well-recognised design，一個公認的設計

Chambord is a classic. Many will recognise its design features—a glass vessel, a steel lid, a round handle of the rod—which has been preserved throughout times. The company Martin S.A. produced it until 1991 when the company was bought by the Danish Bodum Holding. Bodum has since 1991 kept the Chambord design alive in its range of household products, making it one of the most recognised home-brewing coffee devices.

Chambord是一個經典。許多人都知道這個法壓壺的設計特點是，一個玻璃容器，一個不銹鋼蓋，一個固定在蓋子上的圓形金屬桿。直到1991年，該公司被丹麥的博丹姆控股公司收購之前一直在生產和銷售該產品。自1991年以來，博丹就在其一系列的家用產品中保留了Chambord的設計，使其成為最受認可的家庭咖啡制作工具之一。

There was another, almost twin, design at the same time as the Chambord became popular, back in the 1960s. Martin S.A.’s investor Louis James de Viel Castel had another company based in Britain, called Household Articles Ltd., which produced a coffee maker under the name La Cafetière. In 1991, when Martin S.A. was bought by Bodum, de Viel Castel lost his right to distribute his product in France under any names.

在20世紀60年代，Chambord開始流行的同時，還有另一種幾乎是孿生的設計。Martin S.A.的投資人卡斯特爾（Louis James de Viel Castel）在英國還有一家名為Household Articles Ltd.的公司，生產一種名為La Cafetiere的咖啡制作工具。1991年，當Martin S.A.被Bodum收購時，卡斯特爾失去了在法國以任何名義分銷其產品的權利。

We can attribute the wide range of names of the brewing device to the many European countries where the French Press, la cafetière, or the coffee plunger found its permanent place on the kitchen shelves throughout times.

我們在歐洲各國的家庭里都可能會見到各種各樣的咖啡制作工具，例如有French Press，Cafetière，或者是Coffee plunger，這些不同名稱的咖啡制作工具實際上都是法壓壺。

Photo – Kris Atomic

Is the French Press a speciality coffee brewer?，法壓壺制作的咖啡是精品咖啡嗎？

Recognised on the family breakfast table, does a French Press belong on the shelves of a speciality coffee aficionado?

在家庭早餐桌上能見到的法式壓濾壺，是否能入得了咖啡迷的法眼？

Imagine the French Press as an entry level to coffee brewing. It is easy to use and known by people who might not even be into speciality coffee. Yet, it can produce tasty brews if certain steps are taken care of, such as the freshness of the beans and their grinding just before brewing, or the temperature of the water. The legitimacy of a French Press as a speciality coffee brewer is validated also by the aforementioned James Hoffmann, whose Youtube video tutorial for ‘The Ultimate French Press Technique’ is the most viewed one on his channel.

把法壓壺當作咖啡制作的入門級工具。它很容易使用，甚至對精品咖啡都不感興趣的人也知道它。然而，如果特別注意控制好下面幾個環節，例如咖啡豆的新鮮程度和咖啡豆的研磨，以及熱水的溫度，法壓壺也能制作出美味的咖啡。上述提到的詹姆斯?霍夫曼（James Hoffmann）也支持把法壓壺看作是精品咖啡的制作工具，他在Youtube上發布的《終極法壓壺制作技術》視頻教程是他的頻道中瀏覽量最多的視頻。

Rite Coffee Press

Another coffee heroe we could quote is George Howell. In his beginnings with his coffee company Coffee Connections, they used French Press to serve all of their available origins. At times, there would be twelve different coffees on the filter coffee menu, all brewed with a French Press. “I don't know of any other coffee houses that were doing that at the time, there may have been,” said George Howell in his Coffee Geek interview.

我們可以引用的另一位咖啡英雄是喬治·豪厄爾。在他創辦咖啡公司coffee Connections的初期，他們用法式壓濾壺為所有顧客提供咖啡服務。有時，滴濾咖啡菜單上會有12種不同的咖啡，都是用法式壓濾壺制作的。“可能也有過，但是我沒有見到過任何一家咖啡館這么做”，喬治?豪厄爾（George Howell）在接受咖啡極客（coffeeGeek）采訪時說。

The French Press has certainly a great potential to brew a delicious cup. There are numerous manufacturers of the device, such as Bodum, but the one that allows the user a more refined brew is the Espro Press.

法壓壺當然有很大的潛力來制作一杯美味咖啡。有許多制造商的產品，如博丹姆。但其中最有助于顧客做好咖啡的一個是Espro的法壓壺。

The modern innovators of the French Press，法壓壺的現代革新者

Espro, a company based in Vancouver, Canada, brought a reinvented version of the French Press. They installed a fine double filter and made the pot out of stainless steel. Thanks to that, the resulting beverage is without any sediment, hence providing a clean, yet full-bodied, rich cup of coffee. The Espro Press is quoted by many coffee professionals as THE French Press to use if you want to achieve a clean brew with this method, and it is, once again, the French Press of choice for Mr Hoffmann. You will find it in his aforementioned book.

總部位于加拿大溫哥華的Espro公司帶來了一個全新版本的法壓壺。他們的法壓壺里安裝了一個精密的雙層過濾網，并用不銹鋼制作了裝水的杯子。正因為如此，這個法壓壺制作出來的咖啡沒有任何沉淀物，咖啡液透徹，口味濃郁而豐富。Espro的法壓壺被許多咖啡專業人士推薦使用。如果你想用法壓壺制作出純凈的咖啡，這個是最好的選擇。同樣，這也是霍夫曼先生推薦的法壓壺。你可以在他前面提到的書中找到這個法壓壺。

Espro Press P7

There are nowadays other companies that work with the original designs to bring a new product to the market though. One to mention is Rite Coffee Press by Rite Team of California, the USA. They call their invention the ‘No Mess’ French Press. The designers thought of the one thing that makes the preparation with a French Press a pain—the cleaning.

現在也有其他公司使用原始的設計來將新產品推向市場。值得一提的是美國加州的Rite咖啡公司的Rite法壓壺。Rite咖啡公司稱他們設計的法壓壺能做出清澈的咖啡。設計師們想到了一個重要問題是，用法壓壺制作咖啡的一個最煩人的事是清洗。

Nobody likes to clean the French Press after it’s been used—a mash full of coffee grounds and the bottom of the vessel full of the coffee ‘mud’. To clean the regular French Press, you need to rinse the vessel with water and chuck it in the toilet or sieve it with an extra sieve, in order not to clock the sink. And that is why Rite Press is interesting to us. The coffee is pressed into a separate chamber when you plunge it, the coffee grounds being pushed into the bottom chamber of the vessel. This part is ‘screwed to’ the vessel so that you can remove it with the coffee grounds in it, empty them into a bin, rinse, and screw it back on. Quite clever, isn’t it?

沒有人喜歡用完之后去清洗法式壓濾壺，一個裝滿咖啡渣的糊狀物，杯底裝滿了咖啡“泥”。要清洗普通的法式壓濾壺，首先需要用水沖洗法壓壺，然后把臟水和咖啡渣倒進馬桶里，或者再用一個篩子篩一下，以免堵塞污水槽。這就是為什么我們對Rite的法壓壺那么感興趣。當你把咖啡渣向壺底壓的時候，咖啡渣被緊緊地壓入法壓壺底部的一個獨立“倉”里。這個獨立的“倉”是通過一個螺絲扣“擰”到法壓壺底部上的。這樣你就可以把這個獨立倉取下來，把咖啡渣倒進馬桶里，沖洗干凈，再擰回去。很聰明，不是嗎？

Rite Team’s Kickstarter campaign goal was reached over 50 times more than required, and so it is needless to say: French Press remains a very popular method that people would like to use regularly. Without the mess, if possible.

Rite團隊在Kickstarter上的眾籌目標比要求的多了50多倍，所以不用多說：法壓壺仍然是人們喜歡經常使用的一種非常流行的方法。如果可能就不要弄得一團糟。

Rite Coffee Press

We do and we love having a big carafe of coffee ready on our breakfast table, brewed at a minutes notice, for several people to share. There is no other manual method of brewing that allows you to get caffeinated so easily. Give it a try and tell us about your favourite French Press brand. We would love to hear about it!

我們喜歡在早餐桌上準備一大杯咖啡，經過幾分鐘的沖泡，供幾個家人分享。沒有其他手工制作咖啡的方法可以讓你如此容易地獲得咖啡因的滿足。試一試，告訴我們你最喜歡的法壓壺品牌。我們很想聽到您的想法！